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Viruses --- Cancer --- Oncolytic Virotherapy. --- Therapeutic use --- Treatment --- Oncology

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Viruses --- Cancer --- Cancer --- Viruses --- Oncolytic Virotherapy. --- Therapeutic use --- Treatment --- Treatment. --- Therapeutic use. --- Oncology

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Epigenetics is defined as the study of modifications of the genome, heritable during cell division that does not involve changes in DNA sequences. Up to date, epigenetic modifications involve at least three general mechanisms regulating gene expression: histone modifications, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).For the past two decades, an explosion in our interest and understanding of epigenetic mechanisms has been seen. This mainly based on the influence that epigenetic alterations have on an amazing number of biological processes, such as gene expression, imprinting, programmed DNA rearrangements, germ line silencing, developmentally cued stem cell division, and overall chromosomal stability and identity.It has become also evident that the constant exposure of living organisms to environment factors affects their genomes through epigenetic mechanisms. Viruses infecting animal cells are thought to play central roles in shaping the epigenetic scenario of infected cells. In this context it has become obvious that knowing the impact that viral infections have on the epigenetic control of their host cells will certainly lead to a better understanding of the interplay viruses have with animal cells.In fact, DNA viruses use host transcription factors as well as epigenetic regulators in such a way that they affect epigenetic control of gene expression that extends to host gene expression. At the same time, animal cells employ mechanisms controlling transcription factors and epigenetic processes, in order to eliminate viral infections. In summary, epigenetic mechanisms are involved in most virus-cell interactions.We now know that some viruses exhibit epigenetic immune evasion mechanisms to survive and propagate in their host; however, there is still much ambiguity over these epigenetic mechanisms of viral immune evasion, and most of the discovered mechanisms are still incomplete. Other animal viruses associated to cancer often deregulate cellular epigenetic mechanisms, silencing cellular tumor-suppressor genes and/or activating either viral or host cell oncogenes. In addition, in several cancers the down-regulation of tumor suppressor protein-coding genes and ncRNAs with growth inhibitory functions, such as miRNAs, have been closely linked to the presence of cell CpG island promoter hypermethylation.The goal of the aforementioned Research Topic is to bring together the key experimental and theoretical research, linking state-of-the-art knowledge about the epigenetic mechanisms involved in animal virus-cell interactions.

Epigenetics. --- Genetics --- DNA Methylation --- NGS technology --- histone modification --- Methyltransferases --- Immune System --- epigenetic --- Interference RNA --- virus --- Oncolytic Virotherapy --- DNase I hypersensitive sites

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This monograph provides the first in-depth study of how mathematical and computational approaches can be used to advance our understanding of cancer therapies and to improve treatment design and outcome. Over the past century, the search for a cancer cure has been a primary occupation of medical researchers. So far, it has led to a wide range of treatment techniques, including surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy, antiangiogenic drugs, and most recently, small molecule inhibitors and oncolytic viruses. Each treatment tends to have a certain effectiveness in a specific class of patients, but it is often unclear what exactly causes it to succeed or fail. Recent technological advances have given rise to an ever increasing pool of data and information that highlight the complexity underlying the cancers and their response to treatment. Next to experimental and clinical research, mathematical and computational approaches are becoming an indispensible tool to understand this complexity. Targeted Cancer Treatment in Silico is organized into two parts, corresponding to two types of targeted cancer treatment: small molecule inhibitors and oncolytic viruses. In each part, the authors provide a brief overview of the treatment’s biological basis and present the mathematical methods most suitable for modeling it. Additionally, they discuss how these methods can be applied to answer relevant questions about treatment mechanisms and propose modifications to treatment approaches that may potentially increase success rates. The book is intended for both the applied mathematics and experimental oncology communities, as mathematical models are becoming an increasingly important supplement to laboratory biology in the fight against cancer. Written at a level that generally requires little technical background, it will be a valuable resource for scientists and graduate students alike, and can also serve as an upper-division undergraduate or graduate textbook.

Oncology. --- Cancer --- Mathematics. --- Genetics --- Physiology --- Physiological, Cellular and Medical Topics. --- Mathematical and Computational Biology. --- Genetics and Population Dynamics. --- Applications of Mathematics. --- Biological Therapy --- Computing Methodologies --- Investigative Techniques --- Laboratory Chemicals --- Drug Therapy --- Diseases --- Therapeutics --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Information Science --- Specialty Uses of Chemicals --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Models, Theoretical --- Molecular Targeted Therapy --- Computer Simulation --- Neoplasms --- Oncolytic Virotherapy --- Small Molecule Libraries --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Biology - General --- Research. --- Treatment --- Mathematical models --- Computerized Models --- In Silico --- Computer Models --- Models, Computer --- Computer Model --- Computer Simulations --- Computerized Model --- In Silicos --- Model, Computer --- Model, Computerized --- Models, Computerized --- Silico, In --- Silicos, In --- Simulation, Computer --- Simulations, Computer --- Chemical Libraries --- Molecular Libraries, Small --- Libraries, Chemical --- Libraries, Small Molecular --- Libraries, Small Molecule --- Molecule Libraries, Small --- Small Molecular Libraries --- Oncolytic Virus Therapy --- Virotherapy, Oncolytic --- Oncolytic Virotherapies --- Oncolytic Virus Therapies --- Therapies, Oncolytic Virus --- Therapy, Oncolytic Virus --- Virotherapies, Oncolytic --- Virus Therapies, Oncolytic --- Virus Therapy, Oncolytic --- Benign Neoplasms --- Malignancy --- Neoplasia --- Neoplasm --- Neoplasms, Benign --- Tumors --- Benign Neoplasm --- Cancers --- Malignancies --- Neoplasias --- Neoplasm, Benign --- Tumor --- Targeted Molecular Therapy --- Molecular Targeted Therapies --- Molecular Therapies, Targeted --- Molecular Therapy, Targeted --- Targeted Molecular Therapies --- Targeted Therapies, Molecular --- Targeted Therapy, Molecular --- Therapies, Molecular Targeted --- Therapies, Targeted Molecular --- Therapy, Molecular Targeted --- Therapy, Targeted Molecular --- Experimental Model --- Experimental Models --- Mathematical Model --- Model, Experimental --- Models (Theoretical) --- Models, Experimental --- Models, Theoretic --- Theoretical Study --- Mathematical Models --- Model (Theoretical) --- Model, Mathematical --- Model, Theoretical --- Models, Mathematical --- Studies, Theoretical --- Study, Theoretical --- Theoretical Model --- Theoretical Models --- Theoretical Studies --- Specialty Chemicals and Products --- Information Sciences --- Science, Information --- Sciences, Information --- Therapy --- Therapeutic --- Therapies --- Treatments --- Disease --- Therapy, Drug --- Chemotherapy --- Pharmacotherapy --- Chemotherapies --- Drug Therapies --- Pharmacotherapies --- Therapies, Drug --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Chemicals, Laboratory --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- High Performance Computing --- Methodologies, Computing --- Computing Methodology --- Computing, High Performance --- Methodology, Computing --- Performance Computing, High --- Biologic Therapy --- Biotherapy --- Therapy, Biological --- Biologic Therapies --- Biological Therapies --- Biotherapies --- Therapies, Biologic --- Therapies, Biological --- Therapy, Biologic --- Carcinoma --- Malignancy (Cancer) --- Malignant tumors --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Math --- Cancer research --- therapy --- drug therapy --- therapeutic use --- Cancer research. --- Applied mathematics. --- Engineering mathematics. --- Biomathematics. --- Cancer Research. --- Mathematical models. --- Oncology  . --- Science --- Anatomy --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology) --- Mathematics --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Mathematical analysis